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Socio-Economic Review Advance Access published online on March 10, 2006
Socio-Economic Review, doi:10.1093/ser/mwl006
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press and the Society for the Advancement of Socio-Economics. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Article

What's on the Path? Path dependence, organizational diversity and the problem of institutional change in the US economy, 1900-1950

Marc Schneiberg 1 *

1 Department of Sociology, Reed College, OR, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Marc Schneiberg, E-mail: marc.schneiberg{at}reed.edu


  Abstract

Institutionalists commonly invoke exogenous shocks or the transposition of logics across national systems to explain institutional change and new path creation. Using organizational data on American infrastructure industries, this paper shows instead how established institutional paths contain within them possibilities and resources for transformation and off-path organization. Even settled paths are typically littered with flotsam and jetsam--with elements of alternative economic orders and abandoned or partly realized institutional projects. These elements of ‘paths not taken’ are legacies of constitutional struggles and movements for alternative forms of order whose settlement or defeat help fix the path that triumphed. Moreover, they represent resources for endogenous institutional change, including the revival, reassembly, redeployment and subsequent elaboration of alternative logics within national capitalisms. As the analysis of the US case shows, such legacies underwrote the construction of an entirely different, cooperatively organized path alongside the dominant path of impersonal markets and for-profit corporations. Taken together, these findings generate new leverage for explaining institutional change. They also highlight features of the US case that have been ignored by institutionalist and ‘varieties of capitalism’ research, including internal structural variety, endogenous change processes, and the co-evolution of cooperative or coordinated and liberal market economies within American capitalism.

Keywords: capitalism; institutional change; path dependence; cooperatives; varieties of capitalism.
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